Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1841090
Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis
Marcos Pereira ,Alialdo Dantas Damascena,Laylla Mirella Galvão Azevedo,Tarcio de Almeida Oliveira &Jerusa da Mota Santana
Abstract
There is still limited evidence regarding the influence of vitamin D in people with COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyze the association between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity, via an analysis of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in people with the disease. Five online databases—Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and pre-print Medrevix were searched. The inclusion criteria were observational studies measuring serum vitamin D in adult and elderly subjects with COVID-19. The main outcome was the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in severe cases of COVID-19. We carried out a meta-analysis with random effect measures. We identified 1542 articles and selected 27. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with a higher chance of infection by COVID-19 (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 0.80–1.88), but we identified that severe cases of COVID-19 present 64% (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.30–2.09) more vitamin D deficiency compared with mild cases. A vitamin D concentration insufficiency increased hospitalization (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.41–2.21) and mortality from COVID-19 (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.06–2.58). We observed a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of the disease.
Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, meta-analysis, pandemic, vitamin D
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